Africa has some of the world’s most unequal cities. Informal settlements in African cities, and the struggles that are fought in their defense, are evidence of deep-rooted exclusion. They have inherited colonial segregated planning laws that are socio-economically exclusive, resulting in cement cities and slums. In many African former colonial countries, a struggle for a right to the city formed an integral part of the fight against colonialism and apartheid. In the decades since independence, few African states have been able to develop and implement reforms governing urban development to effectively improve these characteristics of their cities.

Decreto nº 208/17 Regulamenta os princípios e as normas de organização e de funcionamento dos orgãos da administração local do estado, fixando as respectivas estruturas organizacionais, bem como os mecanismos de operacionalização. Revoga o Decreto nº9/08 de 25 de Abril, que estabelece o paradigma dos estatutos dos governos proviciais , administrações municipais e comunais.

Angola’s civil war caused a massive population movement from rural conflict areas to low-lying coastal zones between 1975 and 2002. More than half of Angola’s 27 million people now live in urban coastal settlements, floodplains and steep ravines vulnerable to climate extremes. Climaterelated risks are worsening and it is important to understand and prepare for them. Angola’s coastal areas are experiencing increasingly variable rainfall and pressure on water supplies and markets. But a dearth of relevant data has made it difficult to assess these risks. This paper demonstrates innovative methods in filling the information gap and how changes were introduced in how water is governed in four Angolan coastal cities.