According to the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report (IPCC, 2013), climate change is expected to intensify regional differences in
Africa’s natural resources and worsen the vulnerability of the continent due to increasing temperatures and significant changes in precipitation regimes. Some studies show that changes in climate are already being observed in Africa (e.g. New et al., 2006; Christy et al., 2009; Sarr et al., 2013; Kusangaya et al., 2014). In particular, a trend towards an increase in temperature (e.g. Kruger and Shongwe, 2004) and a decrease in annual precipitation (Zengeni et al., 2014) has been recorded from meteorological stations in the southeastern coast of South Africa, during the last decades. Moreover, increasing trends in extreme precipitation
events have been found in those regions that have shown an overall decrease in annual precipitation (IPCC, 2013).