In trying to explain the civil conflicts which have ravaged Angola and Mozambique, most observers have focused their attention on the specificities of each case. This article will consider whether a more comparative approach would help to shed some additional light on these events. The aim, therefore, is not primarily to give an account of the internal wars in these two southern African Portuguese-speaking countries, it is to consider whether their much troubled postcolonial fortune can be made more intelligible by means of a comparative historical analysis of the two cases.